Designing heat exchangers for Carbon Black Plants involves integrating various engineering standards and methodologies to ensure efficient operation and compliance with industry requirements. Here’s how each aspect you mentioned plays a role:

1. ASME Section VIII Div 1 & Div 2: These are the standards for pressure vessel design. Heat exchangers in Carbon Black Plants often operate under high temperatures and pressures, making compliance with these standards crucial for safety and reliability.

2. TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association): TEMA standards provide guidelines for the design, construction, and testing of shell and tube heat exchangers. These standards ensure that heat exchangers are designed to withstand thermal and mechanical stresses while maintaining efficient heat transfer.

3. API 660: This standard specifies requirements for shell-and-tube heat exchangers used in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. It covers design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, and documentation.

4. HTRI Thermal Design: HTRI (Heat Transfer Research, Inc.) software and methodologies are widely used for thermal design and analysis of heat exchangers. They provide tools for predicting heat transfer rates, pressure drops, and other critical parameters to optimize performance.

5. PV Elite Mechanical Design: PV Elite is a software tool used for the mechanical design and analysis of pressure vessels and heat exchangers. It helps ensure compliance with ASME standards and performs calculations for structural integrity under various loading conditions.

6. Heat Balance: A heat balance is essential to determine the heat duty requirements of each heat exchanger within the Carbon Black Plant. It involves calculating the heat inputs and outputs for different process streams to ensure that the heat exchangers are properly sized and selected.

7. Mass Balance: Mass balance calculations ensure that the flow rates and compositions of process streams are correctly accounted for in the design of heat exchangers. This helps in determining the size and configuration of exchangers needed to achieve desired process conditions.

8. P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram): P&IDs are used to show the interconnection of process equipment and the flow of process fluids. They are essential in specifying the location and function of heat exchangers within the overall process system.

In summary, designing heat exchangers for Carbon Black Plants involves a comprehensive approach that integrates thermal design, mechanical design, compliance with industry standards (such as ASME, TEMA, and API), and detailed process analysis (heat balance, mass balance, P&ID review). This ensures that the heat exchangers are not only efficient in heat transfer but also safe, reliable, and suitable for the specific operating conditions of the plant.