In Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plants, various types of heat exchangers may be used depending on the specific process requirements and design considerations. Here are some common types:

1. Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers:

   • TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association) standards are commonly followed for the design and construction of shell and tube heat exchangers.

   • These heat exchangers consist of a series of tubes (often made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials) housed within a larger shell.

   • They are versatile and can handle a wide range of pressures and temperatures, suitable for many applications in chemical plants like ABS production.

2. Plate Heat Exchangers:

   • Plate heat exchangers are compact and efficient, consisting of multiple thin, slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer.

   • They are often used in ABS plants for applications where high heat transfer efficiency and compact size are advantageous.

3. Air Cooled Heat Exchangers (ACHE):

   • ACHEs are used when cooling water availability is limited or when process fluids need to be cooled below ambient temperatures.

   • They consist of finned tubes through which air is blown by fans to cool the fluid inside the tubes.

   • Design standards such as API 661 (Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service) may apply depending on the specific requirements.

4. Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers:

   • Plate-fin heat exchangers are compact heat exchangers made up of layers of corrugated sheets arranged in a way that creates alternating air and fluid passages.

   • They are used in applications where high efficiency and compact size are crucial, often found in petrochemical and chemical plants.

5. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers:

   • Double pipe heat exchangers consist of a small pipe enclosed within a larger pipe, with one fluid flowing inside the small pipe and the other flowing in the annular space between the two pipes.

   • They are simpler in construction compared to other types and are used in applications where low heat transfer rates are sufficient.

Regarding design codes and standards:

• ASME Section VIII Div 1 (for pressure vessels) and ASME Section VIII Div 2 (alternative rules for pressure vessels) are relevant for the design and construction of pressure vessels that might be part of heat exchangers.

• TEMA standards provide guidance on the mechanical design and construction of shell and tube heat exchangers.

• API 660 (Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers) is a standard specifically for shell-and-tube heat exchangers used in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries.

• HTRI (Heat Transfer Research, Inc.) provides software and research-based information on heat exchanger design and performance.

• PV Elite is a software tool commonly used for the design, evaluation, and analysis of pressure vessels and heat exchangers according to ASME codes.

These heat exchangers and standards are integral to the efficient operation and safety of ABS plants, ensuring proper heat transfer, fluid handling, and compliance with industry regulations.