In Acetic Anhydride plants, various types of heat exchangers are typically used to manage heat transfer processes efficiently. Here are some common types:

1. Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers:

   • These are versatile and widely used in chemical processes.

   • Consist of a series of tubes (typically made of stainless steel) through which one fluid flows and an outer shell through which another fluid flows to exchange heat.

   • They can handle high pressures and temperatures, making them suitable for various process conditions.

2. Plate Heat Exchangers:

   • These consist of multiple thin, slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer.

   • They are efficient in transferring heat between two fluids and are compact compared to shell and tube heat exchangers.

   • Plate heat exchangers are often used in applications where space is limited or where frequent cleaning is necessary.

3. Air Cooled Heat Exchangers (Fin-Fan Coolers) design services:

   • These are used when cooling water availability is limited or when process fluids need to be cooled to temperatures above ambient.

   • Consist of finned tubes exposed to ambient air flow, which cools the process fluid inside the tubes.

   • They are widely used in industries where cooling water is scarce or when cooling towers are not feasible.

4. Fired Heaters:

   • In some processes, especially those involving high-temperature reactions or where direct heating is required, fired heaters (such as API 662 compliant heaters) are used.

   • These heaters use a burner to heat a process fluid directly or indirectly through a heat transfer medium (like thermal oil or molten salts).

Regarding standards:

• ASME Section VIII Div 1 & Div 2: These are standards for the design and construction of pressure vessels, which include heat exchangers.

• TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association): Provides standards and guidelines for the design and construction of shell and tube heat exchangers.

• API 662: Specifically covers the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, and shipping of air-cooled heat exchangers for use in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries.

Each type of heat exchanger has its advantages and is chosen based on factors such as process requirements, space availability, efficiency considerations, and operational constraints within Acetic Anhydride plants.